This report presents the results of the monitoring of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Upper Rhine river bed, which was carried out in 2006 and 2007. For the fourth time in 17 years, nine representative profiles of the river were investigated, close to the banks and by divers. The long-term comparison shows shifts in the river bed populations, some of which are significant, in particular between indigenous and alien invasive species (neozoa). The report also discusses the significance for water protection and species conservation of the tracts of the Upper Rhine still in a near-natural state.